PDLP Chapter 1417 Treatment
Chapter 1417 Treatment
Compared with Western medicine, the treatment methods of Chinese medicine are more difficult, more difficult to learn, and more difficult to master, and the treatment methods of Chinese medicine give people a very magical feeling. Therefore, people who really master the treatment methods of Chinese medicine now, There are not many, but as long as they have truly mastered the treatment methods of traditional Chinese medicine, there is no one who is not a true medical master!
The treatment methods of Chinese medicine include the following types:
The first one is traditional Chinese medicine.
Chinese medicine (cneseerblgy, trdtnltered) refers to the medicine used under the guidance of traditional Chinese medicine.Traditional Chinese medicine is divided into Chinese patent medicine and traditional Chinese medicinal materials according to the processing technology.
Traditional Chinese medicine mainly originated in China. In addition to herbal medicines, animal medicines such as snake gallbladder, bear gallbladder, five-step snake, velvet antler, antlers, etc.; shells such as pearls and sea clam shells; minerals such as keel and magnets are used to treat diseases traditional Chinese medicine.A few traditional Chinese medicines come from foreign countries, such as American ginseng.
In the process of fighting against diseases for thousands of years, Chinese working people have gradually accumulated rich medical knowledge through practice and continuous understanding.Since writing was not developed in the ancient times, this knowledge could only be passed down from teacher to teacher. Later, with writing, it was gradually recorded, and medical books appeared. These books played a role in summarizing the experience of the predecessors and facilitating the spread and promotion.Chinese medicine has a history of thousands of years. It is a summary of the rich experience of the Chinese people in fighting diseases for a long time, and it has made great contributions to the prosperity of the Chinese nation.
Because herbs are in the majority of medicines, the books recording medicines are called "Materia Medica".According to research.During the Qin and Han Dynasties, book on Chinese herbal medicine became more popular, but unfortunately these books on Chinese herbal medicine have been lost.Nothing to check.
The earliest known book on herbal medicine is called "Shen Nong's Materia Medica", and the author is unknown. According to the place names recorded in it, it may have been edited by doctors in the Eastern Han Dynasty.
Shennong's Materia Medica: "Shen Nong's Materia Medica" consists of three volumes. It contains 365 kinds of medicines, including animals, plants and minerals. Each medicine has its nature, taste, function and indications.Another order briefly describes the basic theory of medication, such as poisonous-non-toxic, four characteristics and five flavors, compatibility rules, methods of taking medicine, and dosage forms such as pills, powders, ointments, and wines. summary.And laid the foundation for the future development of pharmacy.
In the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Tao Hongjing (AD 452-536) of the Liang Dynasty compiled and supplemented Shennong’s Materia Medica and wrote the book “Materia Medica Jizhu”, which added 365 kinds of medicines used by famous doctors below the Han and Wei dynasties.It is called "Bielu of Famous Doctors".
Each medicine not only supplements the original nature, flavor, function and indications.And increased the place of origin, collection time and processing methods, etc., greatly enriching the content of "Shen Nong's Materia Medica".In the Tang Dynasty, due to the development of productivity and the increasingly frequent external traffic, the government appointed Li Ji and others to preside over the revision of the Materia Medica Annotated by Dow, which was called "Tang Materia Medica", and then ordered Su Jing and others to revise it again. Added 114 kinds of medicines, promulgated in the fourth year of Xianqing (AD 659).It is called "Xinxiu Materia Medica" or foreign medicines are imported one after another, and the variety of medicines is increasing day by day.
In order to fit "Tang Xin Materia Medica".This book was revised and promulgated by the government at that time, so it can be regarded as the earliest pharmacopoeia in my country and in the world.
This materia medica contains 844 kinds of medicines, and it is accompanied by a drug map, creating a precedent for the comparison of pictures and texts in Chinese herbal works. important contribution.
The above are three summaries of ancient Chinese medicinal knowledge, and new summaries will appear at regular intervals due to the continuous enrichment of medicinal knowledge.
For example, "Kaibao Materia Medica" and "Jiayou Supplementary Materia Medica" in the Song Dynasty are all summative.In the late Northern Song Dynasty, Tang Shenwei, a doctor of Shu, compiled "Jingshi Zhenglei Beiji Materia Medica" (referred to as Zhenglei Materia Medica).He combined "Jiayou Supplementary Notes on Materia Medica" and "Tu Jing Materia Medica", added more than 500 kinds of medicines, collected many unilateral prescriptions from doctors and folks, and supplemented a large amount of medicine information from classics and historical documents, making this book The content is more substantial, and the style is more complete. It has been revised three times by the government, and the year titles of "Daguan", "Zhenghe" and "Shaoxing" have been added, and it has been published as an official book.
Li Shizhen (1518-1593 A.D.), a great medical scientist in the Ming Dynasty, made a thorough revision on the basis of "Zheng Lei Materia Medica", "Thirty years of calendar, more than 1596 books and examinations, and three changes in manuscripts", Compiled a masterpiece of Materia Medica that meets the needs of the development of the times - "Compendium of Materia Medica", which was first published in Jinling (now Nanjing) three years after Li Shizhen's death (1892).This book contains 11000 kinds of medicines and more than [-] prescriptions.
The establishment of the Republic of China ended more than 2000 years of feudal-establishment-monarchy rule, but China still has not changed its semi-feudal and semi-colonial social nature.Coupled with years of national wars, social turmoil, and economic recession, China's scientific and technological development has been slow and uneven, far behind Europe, the United States, Japan, etc., and China has lost its generally leading position in world science and technology before the 16th century.
With the influx of Western science and technology culture, there has been a situation where Chinese and Western medicines coexist.Correspondingly, the society and the medical circle have gradually called traditional Chinese medicine "Chinese medicine" and "Chinese medicine", and modern Western medicine has gradually been called "Western medicine" and "Western medicine".
Because the national-people-party-government adopted a policy of abolishing traditional Chinese medicine, which hindered the development of traditional Chinese medicine, it triggered a general protest in the field of traditional Chinese medicine.
In the academic medical workers forge ahead, despite the difficulties, Materia Medica or Chinese Materia Medica still has some development.According to incomplete statistics, there are more than 260 monographs on traditional Chinese medicine in the period of the Republic of China, most of which are novel in style, diverse in type, and focus on practicality.
Because their scope of discussion, style, terminology, etc. are different from traditional herbal medicines, or for popular reasons, they are generally not named after herbal medicines.
Among them, there are many comprehensive Chinese medicine books and lecture notes, most of which are more clinical and practical.
The former is more representative of Jiang Yubo's "Integrated Chinese Medicine".The book is divided into two parts, the general introduction and the individual theories.The general introduction summarizes the basic theoretical knowledge of traditional Chinese medicine; the monographs are classified according to their functions, and describe the aliases, smells, shapes, functions, preparation methods, toxicity, non-toxicity, dosage, contraindications, prescriptions, etc. of more than 400 kinds of medicines.
Its style and content are basically similar to the former.But more concise and practical.
Such as Qin Bowei's "Pharmacology Lecture", which is divided into 12 categories such as divergent, diuretic, qi-regulating, blood-regulating, warming, and cold-cooling medicines, such as Zhang Shanlei's "Materia Medica Justice".It belongs to the nature of traditional medicine theory.The book discusses the medicinal properties, functions, identification, processing, and decoction methods of traditional Chinese medicines based on personal medication experience, which has a good influence.
The efficacy of many Chinese herbal medicines has not only withstood the test of long-term medical practice, but also has been confirmed by modern scientific research.The active ingredients and molecular structures of some Chinese herbal medicines have also been fully or partially studied.
For example, ephedrine, the active ingredient of ephedra for relieving asthma, ephedrine, the active ingredient of Changshan for treating malaria, tetrahydropalmatine (tetrahydropalmatine), the main ingredient of Corydalis analgesic, and berberine (berberine), the main ingredient of Coptidis Rhizoma and Phellodendron Phellodendron for dysentery. ), baicalein, the main antibacterial component of Scutellaria baicalensis, sennoside, the active component of rhubarb diarrhea, and so on.
In order to guarantee the therapeutic efficacy of the drugs, Chinese working people have accumulated abundant experience in aspects of drug cultivation, harvest, processing, processing, storage, and keeping in the long-term practice.
A large number of facts have proved that the medical heritage accumulated by the working people of the Han nationality in ancient China through long-term practice is extremely rich and precious.therefore.We should cherish this great treasure house of medicine in our motherland, work hard to explore and improve it.
In contrast, the development of foreign drug knowledge.Egypt and India were the earliest.
Drugs have been recorded in the "ppyts" (paper herbs) in Egypt around 1500 BC and in the "ajrved" (Vedas of Life) in India afterwards.
Greece, ancient Rome, and Arabia also have a long history in the development of medicine, such as "detered" (pharmaceuticals) written by the Greek doctor dsrdes, "tered" (pharmaceuticals) written by glen (131-200 AD) in ancient Rome, Arabic "Cnnedlne" (Code of Medicine) written by doctor Avenn (AD 980) are all specialized works on pharmacology, which had a great influence on the development of ancient medicine.
According to the therapeutic effect, traditional Chinese medicine is divided into: tonic medicine, exterior medicine, heat-clearing medicine, interior warming medicine, qi-regulating medicine, digestion medicine, astringent medicine, rheumatism-dispelling medicine, aromatizing dampness medicine, diuresis and dampness-removing medicine, phlegm-resolving and cough-relieving medicine Asthma medicine, calming medicine, calming liver and calming wind medicine, promoting blood circulation and dispelling stasis medicine, hemostatic medicine, laxative medicine, anthelmintic medicine, aromatherapy medicine.
There are many world-famous Chinese herbal pharmacopoeias related to traditional Chinese medicine.These TCM pharmacopoeias are still the most important medical pharmacopoeias in TCM.
Shennong's Materia Medica: In this book, Li Shizhen comprehensively organized and summarized the medicinal knowledge of the Chinese people before the [-]th century, and made great progress.He redraws the medicine map, corrects mistakes, and divides medicines into sixteen categories and sixty categories according to their natural properties. item.The style is detailed and the words are rigorous.It is the greatest work in the history of Materia Medica in my country, and it is also an extremely brilliant achievement in the history of science in my country.
Li Shizhen personally went to the mountains to collect medicines for a long time, in remote places, inquired about local customs, traveled all over the country, conducted on-the-spot investigations and sorted out researches on medicines, and used a scientific attitude of seeking truth from facts to refute pedantic fallacies, denounced the heresies of alchemists, and corrected ancient times. There are many mistakes in the varieties of medicines and medicinal effects in Materia Medica, so that the book "Compendium of Materia Medica" has reached a level far beyond that of all herbal medicines in previous generations. Translated into many languages, it has not only made a great contribution to world medicine, but also is an important classic for the study of animals, plants and minerals.
During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, Zhao Xuemin compiled the book "Compendium of Materia Medica Supplements", making some corrections and supplements to "Compendium of Materia Medica", adding 716 kinds of medicines.
From the Han Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, there were no less than a hundred kinds of books on Materia Medica, each with its own strengths, but only the above-mentioned books can be called summative.Others include the local "Southern Yunnan Materia Medica" (Ming? Lanmao), and the "Haiyao Materia Medica" (Tang? Li Si), which records exotic medicines.
Local herbal medicines: There are many kinds of traditional local herbal medicines. Xiao Budan's "Lingnan Herbal Collection" and Gao Zongyue's "Taishan Medicine Records" are more distinctive, and they also enrich the varieties of medicines.
There has been great progress in dietotherapy materia medica, most of which are rich in content and practical.Such as Qin Bowei's Dietary Guidelines).It is characterized by tradition and simplicity; Yang Zhiyi and Shen Zhonggui's "Common Sense of Food Therapy for Diseases" and Lu Guanbao's "Edible Materia Medica" are mostly experiential talks.
In other aspects, such as "Additional Identification of Counterfeit Medicines" compiled by Cao Bingzhang based on "Identification of Counterfeit Medicines" written by Zheng Xiaoyan in the late Qing Dynasty.There are 110 kinds of medicines, which are discussed or compared in terms of origin, shape, smell, and indications, etc., providing valuable experience for identifying the authenticity of medicines.
Yang Huating's "Pictures and Tests of Drugs" excerpted from the herbal literature, made a scientific research on the varieties of drugs, and attached a map, which has great reference value.
Pharmaceutical works: such as Yang Shucheng's "Chinese Pharmacy", Zhou Fusheng's "Updated Pharmaceutical Industry Guide".The relevant content is more realistic.In addition to the traditional expressions, the works of Chinese pharmacy at that time also produced works that integrated Chinese and Western medicine.
Huitong Pai medical scientist.Utilize some achievements of natural science and western medicine to supplement the expression of the source, composition, efficacy and pharmacology of traditional Chinese medicine, or explain each other with Chinese and Western pharmacology; the depth, gains and losses are uneven.
Among the various works, Guo Wang's "Han Yao Xin Jue", Wen Jingxiu's "Latest Experimental Pharmacology" and Ruan Qikan, Wang Yiren, Dong Keren's "New Notes on Materia Medica" are more representative.In view of the large number and extensive knowledge of traditional Chinese medicine in this period.There have been many inconveniences to the study and dissemination of traditional Chinese medicine.Therefore, there are not only a lot of introductory books on traditional Chinese medicine, but also a new generation of Chinese medicine dictionaries.
Dictionary: The most influential one is the "Dictionary of Chinese Pharmacy" compiled by Chen Cunren in 1935.The book is 270 million words, with 4300 drug items, and each drug is introduced respectively in terms of naming, aliases in ancient books, basics, place of origin, shape, properties, ingredients, efficacy, indications, historical records and textual research, identification of falsehoods, theory of close contact, combined application, dosage, and administration 21 taboos, reference materials, etc.
The information is rich and comprehensive, bringing together relevant expositions from ancient and modern times, and has attached drawings.It is the first large-scale dictionary in the history of Chinese medicine development.
In addition to the above, reflected in the progress of herbal medicine or traditional Chinese medicine, it is worth mentioning that the efficacy and indications have been clearly separated.The efficacy expression is more accurate, and the dosage of traditional Chinese medicine is increased.And gradually use the name of family, genus, and species to indicate the source of traditional Chinese medicine.
During this period, medicinal botany and pharmacognosy have become emerging disciplines for studying the natural sources (classification), characters or identification of plant-based traditional Chinese medicines, and have made outstanding achievements.For example, Zhao Yuhuang's "Chinese New Materia Medica", "Qizhou Medicine", "Modern Materia Medica Pharmacognosy" and Pei Jian's "Chinese Medicinal Plants", etc., are very representative.
The harvesting of traditional Chinese medicine should also pay attention to scientific methods: scientific harvesting should include: the accumulation dynamics of active ingredients in the medicinal parts of medicinal plants and the growth and development stages. Both the content of active ingredients and the yield should be considered. .
For example, mint is harvested twice a year. The first time is after the small heat and before the big heat (mid-to-late July), it is mainly used for extracting menthol, and the second time is before the frost (mid-to-late October), it is mainly used as medicinal materials. .
Experiments have shown that the oil content of peppermint leaves is the highest at the flower bud stage, and the menthol content in crude oil is the highest at the full bloom stage.The yield of leaves is highest in the late flowering period.
Sophora japonica is the flower bud of the plant pagoda tree sprjpnl. It mainly contains rutin, which can reach 28%. If it has bloomed and bears fruit, the rutin content will drop sharply.
Precautions for using traditional Chinese medicine: Because the texture and properties of traditional Chinese medicine are often significantly different, the decoction method or decoction time is often different.
When decocting medicines, attention should be paid to the heat, and the heat should be controlled according to the nature and texture of the medicines. For example, medicines that relieve the surface are suitable for rapid decoction with strong fire, while nourishing medicines are decocted with slow fire.
Traditional Chinese medicine has been passed down in our country for thousands of years, and it plays an extremely important role in the development of our country. Therefore, the government attaches great importance to the popularization of Chinese medicine.
Since 1927, in areas under the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party, great importance has been attached to the popularization and development of traditional Chinese medicine. In the development of drugs and the prevention and treatment of diseases, a large number of traditional Chinese medicines have been used, and a lot of experience and experience have been gained. score.It laid the foundation for the Chinese medicine industry after the founding of the People's Republic of China.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, due to the great importance attached by the Communist Party of China and the Chinese People's Government to the cause of traditional Chinese medicine, a formula was formulated to unite traditional Chinese and Western medicine and inherit traditional Chinese medicine. The policy of traditional Chinese medicine with pharmacy as the core, and adopted a series of powerful measures to develop the cause of traditional Chinese medicine.
With the rapid development of modern natural science and China's economy, culture, and education, Chinese pharmacy has also made great progress.Since 1954, the state has arranged and published a number of important ancient books on Materia Medica in a planned way, including dozens of books such as "The Classic", "Newly Revised Materia Medica", "Zheng Lei Materia Medica", and "Compendium".
Since the 60s, more than [-] kinds of "Wu Pu Materia Medica", "Bie Lu", "Xinxiu Materia Medica", "Materia Medica Supplements" and so on have been compiled and restored, which is of great significance to the research and preservation of ancient herbal literature.
The second type: acupuncture and moxibustion.
Acupuncture and moxibustion is to insert needles (usually filiform needles) into the patient's body at a certain angle under the guidance of the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, and use acupuncture techniques such as twisting and lifting to stimulate specific parts of the human body to achieve the purpose of treating diseases.
Thrust point is called human acupoint, is called for short acupuncture point.According to the statistics of the latest acupuncture and moxibustion textbooks, there are 361 serious acupuncture points in the human body.
Moxibustion is to use prefabricated moxibustion sticks or moxibustion grass to burn and smoke certain acupuncture points on the body surface, and use thermal stimulation to prevent and treat diseases.Usually the most conventional with Folium Artemisiae Argyi, so be called moxa-moxibustion, separately there are the methods such as herbs-partition moxibustion, wicker moxibustion, wick moxibustion, Ramulus Ramulus moxibustion.Mostly that also often uses in people's life nowadays is moxa stick moxibustion.
Acupuncture and moxibustion is composed of "needles" and "moxibustion". It is one of the important components of Oriental medicine. Its content includes acupuncture theory, acupoints, acupuncture techniques and related instruments. Cultural and regional characteristics are precious heritages based on the cultural and scientific traditions of the Han nationality.
Acupuncture is a unique Chinese method of treating diseases.It is a kind of "internal disease external treatment" medical technique.It treats diseases throughout the body through the conduction of meridians and acupoints, as well as the application of certain operations.
Clinically, according to the diagnosis and treatment methods of traditional Chinese medicine, the etiology is diagnosed, the key point is identified, the nature is identified, which meridians and viscera the lesion belongs to, and the type of exterior and interior, cold and heat, and deficiency and excess is identified to make a diagnosis.
Then carry out the corresponding acupuncture point prescription for treatment.To unblock the meridians, regulate qi and blood, make yin and yang return to a relative balance, and the functions of viscera tend to be in harmony, so as to achieve the purpose of preventing diseases.
Acupuncture and moxibustion therapy is a part of the medical heritage of the motherland, and it is also a unique national medical method in my country.For thousands of years, it has made outstanding contributions to the protection of health and the reproduction of the nation. Until now, acupuncture and moxibustion still fulfill this task and are trusted by the general public.And now, with the emergence of the medical effects of acupuncture and moxibustion, the treatment methods of acupuncture and moxibustion are more and more trusted by people, and the development of acupuncture and moxibustion is getting faster and faster. Even now, acupuncture and moxibustion have gone out of the door and are loved by people all over the world. accept.
ps: Note: Thank you Jin Guiguan and Xie Zhixiu for your generous support, thank you!
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